Florence Nightingale (ফ্লোরেন্স নাইটিঙ্গেল) was a pioneer of modern nursing, an author, and statistician. Known as The Lady with the Lamp. Florence Nightingale was born on May 12, 1820 in Florence, Italy, to William Edward Nightingale and Frances Nightingale. Her childhood dream was to become a nurse. But nursing was not respected at that time. In addition, her parents did not want Florence to be a nurse. So Florence was forced to leave home. Because her dream could not be fulfilled at home.

During her lifetime, she worked as a supervisor at the Care of Sick Gentlewomen's Institute in London from 1853 to 1854. In 1855, she began working to raise funds for nurse training. In 1859, through tireless efforts, she raised about 45,000 pounds for the Nightingale Fund. Later, she conducted research on the health system of rural people in India. Which played an important role in providing better healthcare in India.

She also played a special role in the development of the health system in England. In 1859, she was elected the first member of the 'Royal Statistical Society'. In 1860, she founded the 'Nightingale Training School' at St. Thomas's Hospital in London to establish nursing as a full-fledged profession, which is now known as the 'Florence Nightingale School of Nursing'.

In 1867, jointly with Elizabeth Blackwell, she started the 'Women's Medical College' in New York. She also wrote books on nursing at various times.

She was awarded numerous medals and titles. In 1883, Queen Victoria awarded her the 'Royal Red Cross' medal. As the first woman to be awarded the Order of Merit in 1907, she was made an Honorary Freedom of the City of London in 1908. In addition, since 1974, her birthday, 12 May, has been celebrated as "International Nurses Day", honouring the woman who, through her work, established that nursing was a profession and not a service. Florence Nightingale died at her home in London on 13 August 1910, aged 90.

Design for a medal awarded by Queen Victoria for her service to soldiers during the war. Florence Nightingale's most famous paglamo was during the Crimean War, which became a focus of her thoughts as she described the plight of the casualties of war in Britain. On 21 October 1854, she and her relative May Smith and 15 Catholic nuns (under the direction of Henry Edward Manning) and 38 nurses trained by her (under the supervision of Sidney Herbert) travelled to the Ottoman Empire. Nightingale was assisted by her friend Mary Clarke in Paris. They were sent across the 295 nautical miles (546 km; 339 mi) of the Black Sea to the Crimea, where the main British base was. Nightingale 18 Design for a medal awarded by Queen Victoria for her service to soldiers during the war.

Florence Nightingale's most famous paglamo was during the Crimean War, which became a focus of her thoughts as she described the plight of British casualties in the war. On 21 October 1854, she and her relative May Smith and 15 Catholic nuns (under the direction of Henry Edward Manning) (supervised by Sidney Herbert) and 38 nurses trained by her travelled to the Ottoman Empire. Nightingale was assisted by her friend Mary Clarke in Paris. They were sent across the 295 nautical miles (546 km; 339 mi) Black Sea to Crimea, where the main British base was.

In early November 1854, she arrived at the Selimiye Barracks in Scutari (now Üsküdar, Istanbul). Once there, her team found that the local medical team was unable to provide good care for the wounded due to the negligence of the administrative authorities. Medicine shortages, unsanitary conditions, and infectious diseases were becoming fatal. There was no specialized system for preparing meals for the patients.

In memory of her contribution, the Nightingale Fund was established on 29 November 1855 to train nurses in the Crimea. Donations were plentiful. Sydney Herbert became the Fund's secretary and the Duke of Cambridge was its chairman. Nightingale is considered a pioneer of medical tourism, for her letters describing the spas of the Ottoman Empire in 1856. She highlighted the various aspects of the health system there, which were cheaper than in Switzerland.

Nightingale received 85,000 francs from the Nightingale Fund to establish the Nightingale Training School at St. Thomas' Hospital. Trained nurses began working there on 16 May 1865. It is now the Florence Nightingale School of Nursing and Midwifery, part of King's College London. She also raised funds for the Royal Buckinghamshire Hospital, located near her sister's home, Claydon House, in Aylesbury.

Nightingale wrote Notes on Nursing (1859). This book served as the basis for the curriculum at the Nightingale School and other nursing schools. Although it was written for general home health care, Nightingale wrote, "The knowledge of daily cleanliness, or the knowledge of nursing, in other words, certain rules which will lead to a state of health, or to freedom from disease, and better, is a universal knowledge which all should have, as distinct from the science of medicine, which is confined to certain professions."