On 23 June 2014, Chowdhury criticized the government for various loan scams at a conference of Bangladesh Economists Forum.

Chowdhury was the chief of BNP's Chittagong city unit in 2015. He announced in March 2015 that he will not contest in the upcoming mayoral elections of the Chittagong City Corporation.

Chowdhury is the chief adviser of Khaleda Zia, the chairperson of Bangladesh Nationalist Party. He met William Todd, the Principal Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs at the State Department of the United States, at the residence of the Ambassador of the United States to Bangladesh, Marcia Bernicat on 16 May 2016.

In 2017, Chowdhury was a Standing Committee member of the Bangladesh Nationalist Party. He spoke against the arrest of former Prime Minister Khaleda Zia and claimed the rule of law was absent in Bangladesh. Chowdhury asked the government to make a clear stand in regards to the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh in September 2017.

The Anti-Corruption Commission issued summons against Chowdhury to interrogate him on corruption charges on 16 August 2018. Chowdhury filed a petition with the Bangladesh High Court, on 3 September 2018, challenging it's order from the Anti-Corruption Commission as not being valid. A Bangladesh High Court bench refused to hear the appeal while another bench, composed of Justice Borhanuddin and Justice Md Mostafizur Rahman, dropped the appeal from their schedule without any explanations on 5 October. The day before the commission had placed a travel ban on him and his wife.

On 16 September 2018, Justice Md Nazrul Islam Talukder and Justice KM Hafizul Alam of the High Court Bench rejected his petition challenging the summons by the Anti-Corruption Commission. Justice M Imman Ali of the Appellate Division of Bangladesh Supreme Court set 1 October 2021 as the hearing date on his petition against the High Court Division verdict on the summons. The Supreme Court bench upheld the order issued by the High Court.

On 24 August 2018, Chowdhury secured anticipatory bails from the High Court Division in two cases, one alleged that he "provoked" the 2018 Bangladesh road-safety protests and the second stemmed from a leaked cellphone conversation between him and a leader of Jatiyatabadi Chhatra Dal (Mizanur Rahman Naomi who was later arrested), the student front of Bangladesh Nationalist Party. The General Secretary of Chittagong City unit of Bangladesh Chhatra League, Jakaria Dastagir, filed the case against Chowdhury under the Section 57 of Information and Communication Technology Act for the phone conversation leak. Chowdhury was sent to Chittagong jail on 22 October after his request for an extension of bail was denied. He was taken on remand on 26 October by the Chattogram Metropolitan Police. On 4 November 2018, Chowdhury received his bail and 12 November he was released from Chittagong Jail.

On 18 December 2018, a couple of weeks before the election, Chowdhury alleged that the website of Bangladesh Nationalist Party, www.bnpbangladesh.com, was blocked in Bangladesh by the government. He had been nominated by Bangladesh Nationalist Party to contest the election from Chittagong-11 in the 2018 national elections. He lost to M Abdul Latif of Awami League, who received 283,169 votes while Chowdhury had received 52,898 votes.

Chowdhury criticized the 2019-2020 national budget of Bangladesh for a 1.45 trillion deficit and said the budget would increase the sufferings of regular people who would have to pay more revenue to the government. He complained to the Election Commission over irregularities in the two Dhaka city corporation elections in February 2020. He had also spoken against the usage of Electronic Voting Machine in the election.

Chowdhury criticized the 2020-2021 budget for ignoring people and their livelihoods. On 23 December 2021, Chittagong Police pressed charges against Chowdhury over the 2018 cases against him regarding the student protests and leaked phone call.